Cations and Anions
Cations are pawsitive.
Cations are positive, while anions are negative:
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The letter t in cation looks like a positive plus sign +: ca+ion
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Cations are pawsitive
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An ANION is A Negative ION
Diatomic Molecules
The elements Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Oxygen, Iodine, Chlorine, and Bromine are always found as diatomic molecules:
- HNFOIClBr
- HONClFIBr (say HONKLE-fibber)
- BrINClHOF (say Brinckle-hoff)
- Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer
- Never Have Fear Of Ice Cold Beer
- I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends
- ClIF H Bron
- HOFBrINCl Twins (twins because they exist in pairs)
- There are seven such elements. The first one is the first element Hydrogen; the rest form a 7 on the periodic table: N, O, F across, then going down Cl, Br, I.
The elements that form hydrogen bonds when bonded to hydrogen are Fluorine Oxygen Nitrogen:
- Hydrogen is FON! (fun)
Mnemonic For Remembering the Electrochemical Series
- Remember: Electrode potentials are reduction potential at 298K.Now the sentence is
“LITTLE POP BARRY CANADIAN STAR MADE ALL ZEBRAS IN TOWN LIKE HIS CAR. COME MY SISTER PLAY GOLF”
(Practice this and you will be perfect in no time)
Now let's talk in brief about its application,
Calculation of standard cell potential by Ecathode-Eanode.
- Remember the First element in series become anode.
Predict oxidizing and reducing agent. lithium is the strongest Reducing agent in solution. - Remember Oxidizing agent undergo reduction at Cathode and Reducing agent undergo oxidation at the anode.
- If you are still confused which occurs where then we have the solution for that too, remember two animals RED CAT(Reduction cathode) and AN OX(Oxidation anode)
- Predict the direction of displacement.
- Upper in Series displaces the lower one from their solution.
That's why you cannot stir copper sulphate solution with zinc spatula. Metals above hydrogen can form the gas when treated with non-oxidising acid. Elements on the Left side except copper can form Hydrogen.
Remember this few tips and you will be perfect!
A Simple Mnemonic for Learning the Reactivity Series of Metals
"Kedar Nath Ca Mali Aloo Zara Fike Sne Pkata Hai Cyuki Har taraf Alag Auloo Pdta hai "
( Bold Letters in Most Cases Represent Symbols of Metals/Elements )
1) Kedar - K - Potassium
2) Nath - Na - Sodium
3) Ca - Ca - Calcium
4) Mali - Mg - Magnesium
5) Aloo - Al - Aluminium
6) Zara - Zn - Zinc
7) Fike - Fe - Iron
8) Se - Sn - Tin
9) Pkata - Pb - Lead
10) Hai - H - Hydrogen
11) Cyuki - Cu - Copper
12) Har - Hg - Mercury
13) Alag - Ag - Silver
14) Auloo - Au - Gold
15) Pdta - Pt - Platinum
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MNEMONICS
Nomenclature
Carboxylic acids
Common names of homogeneous aliphatic carboxylic acids,
Formic, Acetic, Propionic, Butyric, Valeric, Caproic
Frogs Are Polite, Being Very Courteous
Dicarboxylic acids
The sequence of dicarboxylic acids can be remembered with following mnemonics.
Oxalic, Malonic, Succinic, Glutaric, Adipic, Pimelic, Suberic, Azelaic, Sebacic
Oh My Such, Good Apples[22]
Oh My Stars, Green Apple
Oh My, Such Good Apple Pi.e., Sweet As Sugar
Aromatic compounds
m-directing groups
Quaternary aminoEsterSulfonic acidNitroCarbonylCarboxylCyano
(-NR3+)(-COOR)(-SO3H)(-NO2)(-CHO)(-COOH)(-CN)
Queen Elizabeth Second’s Navy Commands, Controls, Communicates[24]
o,p-directing groups AlkylHalogenAlkoxylAminoHydroxylAmidePhenyl (R)(X)(OR)(-NH2-NHR-NR2)(OH)(NHCOR(C6H5)
AHA AHA P
Note -NH2,-NHR and NR2 are para directing groups but not -NR3+
ACTIVITY SERIES
K >; Na >;Mg >; Al >;Zn >; Cr >; Fe >; Pd >; H >; Cu >; Au.
1. Kangaroos Naturally Muck About in Zoos For Purple Hippos Chasing Aardvarks
Alternative Mneomoic For Activity Seriews
2. Katty’s Naughty Cat Mingled with Alice and Zarina; Fearlessly Plundering Her
Cupboard of Silver.
Potassium >; Sodium >; Calcium >; Magnesium >; Aluminum >; Zinc >; Iron >; Tin
>; Lead >; Hydrogen >;Copper >; Mercury >; Silver.
Popular Scientists Can Make A Zoo In The Low Humid Country More Satisfactorily
Mnemonics for the periodic table (groups)-
- LiNa Ki Ruby Se Friendship (Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr)
- Beta mange car scooter baap razi (Be,Mg,Ca,Sc,Ba,Ra)
- Baba Ali gaye india thailand (B,Al,Ga,In,Tl)
- Chemistry sir gives sunky problems (C,Si,Ge,Sn,Pb)
- Nana patekar, Aishwarya sab bimar (N,P,As,Sb,Bi)
- Us side se teepo (O,S,Se,Te,Po)
- Faltu class, boring instructor (F, Cl, Br, I)
- Hena Nina aur Kareena, xerox rangeen. (He,Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
- Lanthanoides- sar par nadiya prem ki samayi, yuu gad-gad tab dil hua, are tum ye bhi lutoge? (Ce,pa,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)
- Actinides Tume PadhaUUU newspaper, purane aam kam bike, cafe me aish farmate madonna larra (Th,Pa,U,Np,Pu,Am,Cm,Bk,Cf,Es,Fm,Md,No,La)
Some other mnemonics
- Passive oxides- feco ni karare allu (Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Al)
- Electrochemical series (reduction potential) in increasing order
Le ke bahar sardar ka naam mange ali mahan, Jan kar fenke cd koi niche suno prabhat hai kaun, Aayein aagye honge brahmanand pandit aur kalawati sona layi free me. (Li K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn PB H Cu I Ag Hg Br Pd O Cl Au F)
- BAN/153 - nf for KMnO4 (basic,acidic,neutral)
- Amphoteric oxides - janabe Ali Be Car Gaye punjabi-baag, australia, sibia bik gaya germany ke hath (Zn,Al,Be,Cr,Ga,Pb,As,Sb,Bi,Ge)
- Roman Men invented very unusual xray guns (electromagnetic waves in order of increasing frequency- radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, UV-rays, X-rays, gamma rays)
- I. Electrochemistry
VAN-(Voltaic (cell) Anode Negative)
AN OX - (Oxidation at the Anode)
Plate the Red Cat (in electroplating, the cathode, which is reduced, is the object to be plated)
FAT CAT (electrons) flow Anode to CAThode
- II. Acids and Bases
Electrolytes- ABS (acids, bases and salts) BAAD (bases accept H+, acids donate H+) ATE/IC/ITE/OUS
AA- Add Acid to Water
III. Bonding
BARF – break (a bond), Absorb (energy), Release (energy), Form (a bond)
SNAP - Symmetrical (molecule) Nonpolar Asymmetrical (molecule)
Polar TICS -Transfer Ionic, Covalent Share
"Hydrogen bonding is FON." My kids seem to love that one!
I Can’t Handle Dirty Vans - (Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen, Dipole, Van der Waals – strength of bonds and intermolecular forces from strong to weak)
HONC 1234 (# of bonds for each of those elements)
- IV. Gas Laws
PLIGHT for conditions when a gas will behave more ideally. Pressure Low Ideal Gas High Temp PTV (Any two letters that touch are directly related, if they do not touch they are indirectly related) STP- Standard Temperature and Pressure
- V. Organic
S,S,S- Single Bonds, Saturated, Substitution
AMU- Addition, Multiple
Bond Unsaturated Aldehydes (functional group) are on the sides!
Ester luuuvs perfume. They are smelly.
Ester- was the naughty girl who mixed Acid and Alcohol
- VI. Kinetics and Equilibrium
exo, ( heat) exits released
endo, heat enters or is absorbed
VII. General
CEM- Charge,Energy, and Mass. (What is conserved in a chemical reaction)
MAN
Mass ( # ) minus Atomic Number = # of Neutrons
APE
Atoms (have) = Proton & Electron | Atoms are electrically Neutral
NNAP -
Nucleus = Neutrons and Protons
KHD(MLG)DCM – King Henry’s Drunk Uncle Drank Chocolate Milk
Kilogram Hecto Deca (Meter-Liter-Gram) Deci Centi Milli
MAD (multiply, add, divide by 100 – average atomic mass)
SPLash (for molecular/covalent substances – soft, poor conductor, low MP/BP)
CIA, TIA, PIL (LeChatelier’s Principle)
Roy Hates To Order Fries (for half life problems – Radioisotope, Half life, Total time, Original mass, Final mass)… if you’re given 2 times, divide them… if you’re given 2 masses, do arrows.
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